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CALIFORNIA’S NEW CLASSIFICATION OF INDEPENDENT CONTRACTORS

In January 2020, California’s controversial Assembly Bill 5 (AB5) went into effect. This new law dramatically changed the way California businesses are required to classify independent contractors. Intended to target ride-share companies Lyft and Uber, legislators hoped the bill would force employers to provide these “gig workers” higher wages, increased job security and health benefits.

The law has been resoundingly unpopular and has had much more far-reaching effects than intended. For example, it severely adversely effects truck drivers who rely on their independent contractor status to work for several different companies and the ability to work across state lines where employee laws are different.

Consequently, both judges and legislators have attempted refine AB5 since January 2020 to better define the scope and application of the law, although much of these efforts have been unsuccessful.

NEW CLASSIFICATION RULES UNDER AB5

The history of AB5 traces back to a 2018 ruling against the company Dynamex. Their delivery drivers alleged that Dynamex misclassified them as independent contractors. The California Supreme Court rejected previous rules classifying independent contractors and adopted a new standard that presumes all workers are employees, not contractors. Under the new “ABC test,” hiring entities can only classify a worker as an independent contractor if they establish:

  1. that the worker operates without direction in the performance of the work;
  2. that the worker performs work outside of the hiring entity’s usual course of business; and
  3. that the worker is engaged in an independently established business of the same nature of the work.

CONFLICT SURROUNDS RECLASSIFICATION

Ever since the 2018 ruling, California businesses and local legislators have been at odds, taking aggressive legal action. Uber and Lyft, along with other companies affected by AB5, have formed a coalition that is funding a multi-million dollar ballot measure that combats the new classification. Truck drivers and trucking companies have also railed against the bill, securing the support of a federal judge who blocked AB5 from changing their classification.

On the other hand, driver advocacy group Rideshare Drivers United weighed in as well, pressuring state legislators to enforce AB5 and award its members over $630 million in back pay. The State of California is currently suing both Uber and Lyft for refusing to adhere to the new classifications.

PROPOSITION 22

As the law matured throughout the year, subsequent lawsuits tested the law with industry-specific context and interpretations, most of which ruled against the law. Not surprisingly, a ballot initiative to define app-based transportation (rideshare) and delivery drivers as independent contractors and adopt labor and wage policies specific to app-based drivers and companies. This past November, it passed by an overwhelming margin.

It’s not yet clear how the new bill will affect AB5 with regard to non-rideshare and delivery drivers, but it is clear it sent a clear message to the California legislature by both employers and employees that AB5 is hugely unpopular and needs additional refinement.

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WHEN IS A SURVIVAL CLAUSE ABSOLUTELY NECESSARY?

Beginnings and endings in the business world are delicate things. Whether initiating a business deal and partnership or terminating an employee, business owners must take great care to secure their business and adhere to California law. A contract will inform and outline these business relationships, from beginning to end. However, just because a contract ends does not mean the terms included in it should. That is when a survival clause will be critical. What are the basics of a survival clause? As discussed above – and in a previous blog post – a survival clause defines what terms of a contract will continue to be enforced even after a contract ends. These are not blanket clauses that cover every aspect of the contract. They must be specific to particular elements and worded precisely. A contract that lacks proper survival clauses could put the survival of the entire business at risk. When does your contract need a survival clause? Business owners should consult legal guidance to craft effective survival clauses when: The business shares intellectual property, including processes, trade secrets or related information, which the blog post mentioned above discusses further The business discloses confidential information, such as financial or client details, that is protected under a confidentiality clause or agreement The parties involved must make payments or continue certain obligations included under the contract for a specific period of time For example, it is only natural for employees to have in-depth knowledge of a business’ intellectual property. If a business terminates an employee, it will be critical to ensure the former employee does not divulge that information, even long after their contract ends. Including a survival clause in the original employment agreement or even a severance agreement regarding confidentiality can secure the business’ best interests and prevent serious disputes in the future. Every beginning and end requires careful planning and preparation. It is important for business owners to work closely with an experienced business attorney to help craft and enforce contracts that will keep the business secure.

ARE THESE NEGOTIATIONS IN BAD FAITH? WHAT TO WATCH FOR.

No business and no one person is the same, nor will they have the same strategies and goals. Even so, each party in a business deal should come to the table with a focus on finding an agreement that is good for both businesses and the deal itself, for negotiations to be successful. Unfortunately, this is not always the case. Some parties may have only their own benefit in mind, and in turn, may negotiate in bad faith. While it is critical to consult a legal professional before you begin negotiations for a business deal or contract, it is also essential to prepare yourself, and know what to be aware of as you move forward. 2 SIGNS THE OTHER PARTY IS DEALING IN BAD FAITH California business owners know the art of the deal. There are many issues to be cognizant of as you enter into negotiations. For example, it is always helpful to consider what you should do as you approach business negotiations – after all, that informs you of the behaviors you and the other party should avoid as well. There are two opposing behaviors in particular that could indicate the other party is not acting in good faith. Business owners should watch for: Urgency: Perhaps the other party is rushing to reach an agreement without paying attention to the details. Or maybe they push one specific agenda aggressively, without thought for any compromise. A sense of urgency for no particular reason is often a sign that the other party is dealing in bad faith. Delay: The opposite side of the coin is also a red flag. If the other party constantly avoids any type of conflict, reschedules meetings or puts off agreeing to the terms, this could also be a sign of bad faith negotiations. It is only natural to have your own business’ interests in mind. However, when it is clear that the other party does not have the deal’s interests in mind and does not consider the future remotely, this is a dangerous sign. During negotiations, if you recognize signs of bad faith, the first step will be to speak with an attorney. Seeking legal guidance can help you navigate negotiations while protecting your business.

HOW SHOULD EMPLOYERS HANDLE EMPLOYEE DISPUTES?

Employers never expect to have trouble with an employee when they hire them. Yet, disputes are all too common and often inevitable. Working to resolve employee disputes can be stressful, but there are a few critical things employers must do. FOLLOW THE RULES This might sound like a simple enough task, but employers must take great care to ensure they understand and adhere to the rules. These rules fall under two categories: The law: Of course, as an employer, you ensure you follow California employment laws every step of the way. However, it is even more important to review what you must do when facing a dispute, as well as the rights your employees have in this situation. This can help prevent issues from escalating and prevent retaliation claims, for example. Your policies: Employers establish conflict resolution clauses and policies for a reason. You expect your employees to follow these procedures, and you must as well. Long before you face an employee dispute, it is a good idea to review the laws and your employee policies to make sure they remain up to date and relevant. It often helps to have an experienced employment law attorney review your policies as well. That way, you can approach and manage disputes much more effectively. COMMUNICATE CRITICALLY Communication is always essential. In terms of any relationship, not just employment or business relationships, communication is how you work through conflict more effectively, especially when pursuing alternative dispute resolution. However, you must also be strategic with your communication. For example, you may want to speak to other parties involved in the dispute through your attorney or only with your attorney present. There are many matters to address in employee disputes. These steps will be critical to remember with every issue that may arise. Do not wait to address disputes. Employers must take swift action in these cases. While you should carefully consider how you move forward, it will be essential to seek guidance as soon as possible.